Juvenile Ring-necked Parakeets being fed by male
Credit: (c) iStock Photo
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The Indian Ringneck and the African Ringneck have the widest distribution of any parrot species.
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Species Profile
Genus:Psittacula
Species:krameri
| Size: |
Adult Weight: |
| 40 cm (15.6 in) |
116-140g (4.1-5 oz) |
Races including nominate:four:
P.k. krameri, P.k. parvirostris, P.k. borealis, P.k. manillensis (which has numerous colour mutations)
Colourization Adult: P.k. krameri: male-in general green/yellow, black chin and wide black stripe across lower cheeks; pink collar around hindneck; nape of neck washed with blue; upper mandible dark red tipped with black, lower mandible black with dark red at base; thighs green. Eye yellow. Female-no head markings; faint yellow/green collar; shorter tail.
P.k. parvirostris: as in
krameri but head and cheeks greener, less yellow; smaller bill with brighter red upper mandible.
P.k. borealis: plumage green without yellow; male, sides of head behind ears blue suffusion; all-red larger bill; larger in size.
P.k. manillensis: similar to
borealis but lower mandible black; male, facial marks and pink collar more noticeable.
Colourization Juvenile: P.k krameri: as in female but bill paler. Eye grey coloured.
P.k. borealis: as in adult.
P.k. manillensis: as in adult.
Call: Very vocal, noisy, especially at communal roosts. Wide variety of shrieks, whistles and other sounds. Calls often delivered in bursts of 3-6 followed by a pause and are shrill or harsh, or soft and more musical. Birds call while in flight.
Recent Academic Research: Google Scholar - search results
Content Sources:
CITES http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/species.html
BirdLife International http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1529&m=0
Internet Bird Collection http://www.hbw.com/ibc/
Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World, Juniper and Parr, 1998.
Parrots of the World, Forshaw and Cooper, 1977.
Parrots of the World, Forshaw, 2006.
Parrots in Aviculture, Low, 1992.
Parrots: Their Care and Breeding, Low, 1986.