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Status in the Wild

World Population:
2500-10,000

Range: Restricted to small coastal area in Venezuela and the islands of Blanquilla, Margarita and Bonaire. Introduced to Curacao, Netherlands Antilles.

Habitat:
Occurs in areas with cacti and thorny bush and trees; also reported around cultivated areas and around mangroves. Found up to 450m (1476 ft) on Margarita, maybe higher on the mainland.

Threat Summary:
Loss of habitat due to tourism; is widely exploited for wild bird trade; in some areas is hunted for destroying crops.

IUCN Rating:
Vulnerable

Wild Diet:
Fruits of several trees/bushes, seeds, nectar rich blossoms, cactus tops, and cactus fruit. Also sometimes take crops, such as avocado, mango and maize.

CITES Rating:
Appendix I

Ecology:
Found in pairs, families; also larger flocks of up to 100. Roost communally in tall trees or rock outcroppings.

Clutch and Egg Size:
2-3 ovate eggs, 36.5 x 26.0mm (1.4 x 1 in).

Breeding Season:
March-September, sometimes October on Bonaire.

Project Status (WPT):
WPT has aided and funded conservation of the Yellow-shouldered Amazon.
See: http://www.parrots.org/index.php/ourwork/yellowshoulderedamazon/

Links to Other Project(s):
http://www.mina.vomil.an/Pubs/Williams-LoraReport2003.htm

http://www.duke.edu/~djb4/Venezuela%20Releases.htm

http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&issn=0010-5422&volume=108&issue=01&page=0178

More Info Sites:
http://www.parkswatch.org/parkprofile.php?l=eng&country=ven&park=lrnp&page=rec

http://horticulture.coafes.umn.edu/vd/h5015/99papers/rice.htm