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About Dr. Brian Speer, DVM
Avian veterinarian Dr. Brian Speer was raised in a small town on California's coast. He received his BS in Biology…

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Ask An Expert: Dr. Brian Speer, DVM

Browse by category: Parrot Care, Behaviour and Training, Conservation, Ethics and Welfare, Housing and Environmental Enrichment, General, Health and Nutrition

One of my cockatiels was getting a lot of sinus infections which didn`t clear up properly after repeated medication.My vet advised I could put the medicine on his food, as it was difficult to administer as he kept spitting it out. Unfortunately the prescribed medicine didn`t take the sinus infection away so my vet advised a nasal flush. After the flush the vet showed me a small `bone like` mass which had come out with the flush. He didn`t seem to know what it was and let me take my cockatiel home. After I got him home I noticed he couldn`t stand properly and wasn`t interested in his food. Next day he was the same so I phoned the vet and he advised I should feed him baby food with a syringe. He still wasn`t improving, so when I told the vet he advised leaving him at the surgery. I had only left him for a day when the vet phoned to say he had died. I feel so upset by all the stress he must have suffered and not knowing what the `bone like` mass was. I wonder if you would have any idea what this could have been? I would be glad of your opinion.

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

Sorry for your loss. The best person to answer your question about what came out of that sinus flush would be the person who actually saw it - your veterinarian. This could have been a dried concretion of keratinaceous material. a foreign body or theoretically an infected piece of bone that was dislodged in the flushing process. Was there a post mortem examination performed to determine the factual cause of death? In general, recurring "sinus infections" happen for a reason, and are a call to establish an accurate diagnosis if at all possible.

filed under: Health and Nutrition

My question, I am worried about my older cockatiel who is 20 years old. His breathing movement seems to be more noticeable than my 9 year old cockatiel. Is this normal as the bird gets older? He is eating well and doesn`t get out of breath flying around. It is mostly late afternoon early evening when he has a sleep that I notice this.

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

You have reason to be concerned. Increased respiratory effort is not a normal thing that occurs with age. Particularly in older birds, these signs could be early warnings of a multitude of potential problems. If these signs are significant enough to raise your concern, I'd strongly recommend that you have a proper physical examination performed by an experienced and competent avian veterinarian.

filed under: Health and Nutrition

My Question: I have an eight month old Quaker named Oscar. I named her Oscar because it suited her personality - I had her DNA’d and it turns out Oscar is a girl. There are a series of things which kind of all started in mid July. Her cage was originally in an open area between the kitchen, livingroom and dining room. Part of the back of the cage was covered with a blanket, but she could see from the top portion (it is a dome top cage). I felt her cage should be positioned better and wanted it so that one side of the cage was against the wall so I moved her between two other parrots (a female Pionus and male Senegal). That did not seem to work very well because I noticed she started plucking her chest area so I immediately moved her cage back to where it was originally. The plucking stopped temporarily but after a few weeks, she started again, but only the left side of her body around the wing area. The plucking was getting worse and worse so I brought her to an avian vet. One additional thing that Oscar was doing was she was crying out in what I would assume to be pain, and either plucking a feather out or biting whatever was closest in frustration and then lifted her left foot up as if to alleviate pain. My vet looked her over and because of some other signs of plucking on her left wing shoulder area, and the wildlife we have around our place/deck (squirrels, chipmunks, bluejays) plus the fact that we bring her outside with us, she asked that I do a mite/lice treatment and come back the following week. So, I went home, did the treatment, thorough cleaning of the cage etc. None of my other parrots show any signs of mites or plucking. A week later, on the follow up appointment, the area which she was plucking was getting a bit better. However she was still doing the crying out and then the lifting of the leg. I must say that the frequency had decreased somewhat. The Vet did an x-ray of Oscar, showed me her body parts etc. What she was looking for was any possible visual abnormality of the ovary – thinking she might have a cyst or something. The ovary was fine and there were no signs of lung infection etc. She said there was nothing in the x-ray that would be considered abnormal or out of the ordinary. She suggested that I put a collar on Oscar in order to prevent the plucking just for a month to allow the area in which she plucked to grow back. My husband and I decided that we did not want to collar the parrot for plucking since she would get extremely upset when she wore the collar. Oscar is still doing the cry and lifting her left leg and she is still doing a bit of plucking in the area. I am not totally concerned about the plucking, but I am concerned about the fact that it seems to be located in one general spot as well as she does the cry and then lift her left foot. It has been about two weeks since the Vet appointmentt and the plucking has not increase nor has it decrease. However, tonight after dinner I had her out and noticed that her left foot was discoloured, it was almost as if someone had taken a ruler and coloured in the three toes the same and the rest of the foot looked normal. It was kind of a light bulb moment, because I am pretty sure that I had seen this before, but at the time could not remember if this was her normal foot colouration. We went back to other photos that we have of her and the colouration is not there. The foot is not cold, but it kind of felt cool but then testing it again, I didn’t. If you have any ideas or suggestions, I would appreciate hearing them.

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

My suggestions and comments are general, in the absence of direct history collection and physical examination of the patient in question. In principle, you need to ask your veterinarian to complete a bit more of a database here. A baseline complete blood count and biochemistry profile make very good sense, to try to ascertain the general health status of your bird. I agree - the use of cervical or elizibethan collars would not and probably should not be an early or first choice intervention for feather damaging behavior. If you feel that your bird is in pain, ask your veterinarian about analgesia or pain relief. The likelyhood of feather lice or mites having a primary role in this problem are very very low. Furthermore, in such a young parrot, it would be prudent to seek marked and obvious behavioral causes as well as physical pain or other issues that could have a causative role here with your bird.

filed under: Health and Nutrition

My Question: I'm sort of at my wit's end on this problem. Can you help? I have a parrot (patagonian conure) who has frequent ear infections and sinusitis. The last time he had a problem, my avian vet instructed me to flush his nares with water once a day. I stopped doing this after his symptoms subsided because he hates it so. A couple weeks ago he started showing symptoms of another ear infection coming on. So I decided to flush his nares. I was holding him in the crook of my left arm while filling a syringe with water with my right hand, and he jumped right out of my grasp onto my ceramic tile floor. (He's never flown because he broke a wing several years ago & it healed without anyone being aware of it. He's a rescued bird I've adopted. So he drops like a rock.) He shattered his thighbone, and that evening received a splint at the emergency clinic. (We're now on our 3rd splint, since he kept pulling them off, but that's not why I've written you...) The vet suggested I put him in a steamy/humidified setting for 5 to 10 minutes a day to give him moisture. I need any suggestions you can offer as to how I can go about making some sort of 'incubator' or enclosed space with moisture for this purpose. He's only 12 so I anticipate this to be a regimen we will use for the rest of his life. This bird has been on baytril now for going on 3 weeks and still his ear orifice is red, swollen, and he is frequently popping his ears and scratching at his face on the affected side. His ear received triple antibiotic in the canal twice a day and it just recently has stopped draining. But I'm really worried about him. He has almost no choanal papillae and I'm thinking he's had ear and sinus problems all his life that were unchecked. I really want to relieve his discomfort. The lady who runs the place where I adopted him from (Safe Haven Avian Placement Services, Pinellas County, FL.) has been couseling me on ways to work with him to meet his needs. But she is very busy running her rescue organization and just recently had to take a paying job in order to make ends meet. I'm asking this forum for suggestions, hoping to relieve the burden on her. Any suggestions you have will be greatly appreciated; it has been a burden on me, too, since I have 17 other parrots. These infections are happening way too frequently and I feel as though I'm doing something wrong, or not doing enough, to keep this little guy healthy.

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

I can offer you some generalities to consider when you speak with your regular attending veterinarian about your concerns with this bird. First, what you describe as recurrent ear infections - do we know that this is the case, or is the inflammation being seen caused by non-infectious factors? You are right to be suspicious that if "standard" treatments including antibacterials are not making progress, a more accurate diagnosis is likely indicated. There are a number of nutritional concerns, particularly malnutrition, that can set the stage for some of these recurring problems, for starters. I'd suggest you ask your veterinarian about pursuing a bit more of an accurate diagnosis here, including a review of the nutritional and metabolic status of your bird. Deficits in these arenas certainly can set the stage for problematic and non-resolving otitis externa. The fractured "thighbone" - assuming that this is a femur; these are rarely stabilized adequately with splinting methods in parrots, viewing the specifics of their anatomy. The fact that your bird consistently is chewing off the splint makes me wonder if it is in pain, discomfortable or if the splint is not serving its intended goal of stabilization. I'd suggest that you ask your veterinarian about things such as analgesia (pain relief), options for better stabilization of the fracture site, and progressive evaluations of the nature of healing to best serve the needs of your bird.

filed under: Health and Nutrition

My vet is on holiday. Cybil OWA untame is 5 years old. She has been here 2 months. She is a rehome. Has come with negative O}Psitticosos BFD et6c. But had prevously testd positibev wice. She fellill shortly afterarrival, and ill for six weeks. Hardly eating spending 23.5 hours in nest box.Vet visited diagbnosed liver disease from her swoillen stomach He started Baytril imediately .03 twicwe a day. WE added one teaspoon nCtrical care in Manduka water.# The swelling is less. The bird is thinner Keel bone protru8ding. In the ten days since antibiotic syringe of |Batril given she has come out of the nest box 3/4 tines. She barely eats. Today twice I can hewr a teasoon or REcovery with a spoon.She took this by lunging at the spoon. She looks ver nthin and weak but her eys are still bright, Vet consoidered we should treat her for psitticosis for 7 weeks. Her bonded partner appears healthy and proective of her. I am adding a few drops live yoghurt to theb|REcovery. IT seems to me I am merely keeping her alive. I have no expwerience of a sick |Amazon. She is in a 15 foot flight .Any ideas about putting on weight ina less intrusive way than syringes. I do not mind how much time I spoend with her but she dos not relish anyn humna contract.

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

Your bird is very ill and needs veterinary attention as soon as possible - if it is still alive. If your primary attending veterinarian is on holidays, you should ask their office to whom they would refer you to in order to see to the needs of your bird's healthcare. As I see it, there is a dramatic need for hospitalization, supportive care including parenteral fluids, warmth and tube feeding, accurate diagnosis and treatment here. "Liver disease" may be present, or may not - but regardless, the specific cause of liver disease needs to be diagnosed in order to enable appropriate treatment, and supportive care also will be indicated. Although Baytril is a popular broad spectrum antibiotic, there are many, many, many infectious and non-infectious diseases that could be present that this drug simply will not help your bird with. I wish you the best of luck in obtaining the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic attention that your bird needs,

filed under: Health and Nutrition

Do parrots have blood types? In fact do birds in general have blood types? Is a chicken's blood different from a parrot's or sparrow's blood? Just wondering.

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

I am not aware of specific blood typing done in avian species. There is a difference, however in that when transfusing avian species, homologous transfusions (from the same species) have a longer effect as compared to heterologous transfusions (from different species).

filed under: Health and Nutrition

Dear Dr. Speer, I wrote to you here some time back about an ear problem with our Macaw. After your response, we took her to an avian vet in Guadalajara, she was X-rayed and the results showed a healed (off-set) old fracture of the lower mandible. That was from the head injury she suffered that I mentioned the first time I wrote. She eats fine, looks good, but does not have normal beak strength (can't crack nuts anymore) or open her beak as wide as before. She has VERY small ear canals, and sometimes they are completely closed. Sometimes they seem plugged with a waxy secretion that I try to gently massage out. She frequently makes "yawning" motions with her beak as if trying to "pop" her ears, unsuccessfully it seems. Should I be concerned about the very small ear canals, and what seems to be a buildup of some substance? The vet she saw didn't seem concerned about the small size of the ear canals.

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

It sounds like the primary issue here is regarding your bird's ability to prehend food and eat properly, which seems to be impaired, but still adequate for the needs of your bird. If it is true that there is no infection or persistent inflammatory problem underlying this diagnosis, periodic cleaning of the ear canals should there be discomfort or buildup of materials may be all that is needed.

filed under: Health and Nutrition

I am currently studying Amazona barbadensis on island of Bonaire. One of the things we do is regular monitoring of nests throughout the breeding season. A few days ago I came across these lesions (see photographs) on 2 chicks in the same nest. On both chicks they were found on the backs of legs, behind the ears, on the rump and on the sides of the body toward the tail and under the wing (I have no idea what the anatomical term is for this area). On one chick they were also on the side of the head (see photo). Mostly they were concentrated on the area around the legs.

image image image

We have seen this on one occasion previously. Do you have any ideas what could have caused them and whether they are cause for worry?

Answered by Dr. Brian Speer, DVM:

Unfortunately, I am not able to see your attached photos. I would, however, be suspicious of parasitic infestation (bot flies) or something of that nature, as these are described in other nestling neotropical parrot species. In addition, lesions have been described in the crop of vultures associated with bot fly larvae, and some African bird species as well.

*Update - Thanks for getting those photos published for viewing. It sure appears that you are dealing with arthropod bites of some sort. If this is the extent of what you are seeng, with no worsening of the lesions, etc, I would not be too concerned about much more than discomfort to the birds..

filed under: Health and Nutrition

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